{"id":853,"date":"2019-12-18T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-18T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/?p=853"},"modified":"2019-12-15T18:44:29","modified_gmt":"2019-12-15T22:44:29","slug":"stack2020-backend-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/posts\/stack2020-backend-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"Stack2020: Backend Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Image by Bethany Drouin<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

So the side project I mentioned a few posts ago is still just an idea, before I start building it I will need to pick a stack. I’ve been out of the non-big-tech loop for a while (one of the main drivers for this project) so this may take a while, but should be a fun experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The last time I picked a fresh stack was late 2013. We were building Mondogoal and needed to get to market very fast on a limited budget. We started in late November 2013 and needed to be in beta by March, and ready to launch (and get a gaming license!) in time for the 2014 World Cup that started in June. With two developers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Somehow, we made it, and I think that one of the main factors was in how we picked our stack. In short, we kept things as boring as possible. The backend was all stuff I could do in my sleep: Java 7 with MySQL, using Maven and Spring, running on Tomcat in a mix of AWS and Continent 8. The only significant piece that I didn’t know well was Obsidian Scheduler, which is a fairly lightweight job scheduler, and we added Firebase later on. The frontend was backbone with a grunt build, which had been out for a while. This stability and going down well-trod paths let us focus on executing the business and product instead of tinkering and I doubt we would have been able to hit our deadline if we’d opted to explore some of the cool new stuff that was coming out. While the business didn’t succeed long-term, I have no regrets about those choices and can assign no blame to what we built it on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luckily, this new project has no deadline! It’s mainly a vehicle of exploration for me. I would definitely like to launch it, but if that takes months (unlikely) or years that’s OK. Let’s recap the “requirements” of this project:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Learn how to build a modern front end.<\/li>
  2. Give me a reason to explore the Google Cloud offerings (since those products are effectively my customers for my day job).<\/li>
  3. Get back up to speed on things like analytics.<\/li>
  4. Scratch an itch I\u2019ve had for a long time (a nerdy economy-based game).<\/li>
  5. Doesn\u2019t risk any conflict with my day job.<\/li>
  6. Give me something to blog about!<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    #2 is going to make some of these decisions easy. As a loyal dogfooder and company man (despite the lack of employee discount…), I will default to Google Cloud where possible. A quick check puts most of the basics on par with Amazon as far as cost goes. If GCP doesn’t offer it, then it’s up for grabs. Let’s start picking!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    But wait…what is and isn’t part of The Stack?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    I take a broad view of the term, to me The Stack is basically everything in the shop. You could (and I might in a future post) break this down into groups (tech stack, marketing stack, etc.), but to me if it’s a part of making the business run and it’s something you didn’t build yourself that you expect employees to get or be skilled at, then it’s part of The Stack. This includes everything from Java or Python to Salesforce and Gmail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Domain Hosting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: Google Domains<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: $14\/year<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Up and Running<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Initial Thoughts<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    I’ve got domains hosted at lots of places. GoDaddy, Namecheap, Hover, OpenSRS, I even still have one at Network Solutions. Compared to those, registering on Google was a pretty painless process. The pricing is more transparent than most other places (no first-year rates that go way up later). They also didn’t upsell junk I don’t need too hard. Setting up G Suite was also pretty easy (as you’d hope), I had it all running in like 15 minutes without touching any DNS entries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    To dogfood even deeper, I’m using a .app TLD, which Google owns, and was a few bucks cheaper than the other registrars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Email Hosting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: G Suite<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: $5\/user\/month<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Up and Running<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Initial Thoughts<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    As most of us are, I’m pretty familiar with all of these tools, and I’m pretty sure most surveys would have Gmail at the top of people’s preferred email services. As a bonus, setting this up was super easy since the domain is also with Google.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Compute Servers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: Kubernetes\/Compute Engine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: TBD<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Exploration<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reasoning<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    There were two things that came up in virtually every conversation\/interview I had during my last job search, React and Kubernetes (AKA K8s). Virtually everyone was using these or trying to move to them. I’ve never touched K8s, so combined with #2 above, I feel like I should play with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    I have used App Engine, and I assume non-K8s Compute Engine is pretty similar to AWS’s EC2 which I’ve used quite a bit, so I will fall back to those when it makes sense to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Backend Language<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: Java<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: Free<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Defrosting<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reasoning<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    I am a moderately capable but generally reluctant programming language polyglot. My first employee profile badge at Facebook was “Committed Code in 5 Languages”. But I’ve never bought into “pick the best langauge for the job” and tend to favor the approach of “pick the best language for all the jobs”. This offer does not extend to JavaScript backends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Java was my primary language from probably 2000 through 2016. Since then I’ve mostly been writing C++. I’ve grown to like the language, it is lightyears better than it was when I started writing Java, but I’ve never worked in it outside of the padded walls of FB\/Google’s infrastructure, and to be honest, am not terribly interested in doing so. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    While we upgraded our runtimes to Java 8 at Mondogoal after a bit, we never got around to really using any of the features, so I’m effectively only up-to-date through Java 7, and would like to explore the recent additions. There are also some new parts of the Java ecosystem that are worth exploring, like Quarkus and GraalVM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Also, I just kind of miss working in it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Runners Up<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    There are two languages I am interested in tinkering with, once I’ve warmed back up on Java: Kotlin and Rust. They both have had a pretty good reception and have some attractive features. Kotlin as a JVM language should be easy enough to experiment with. If I can find a task that would benefit from Rust I will probably give it a shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    IDE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: $149\/$119\/$89 for years 1\/2\/3+<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Trial<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reasoning<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    I initially wrote Java in emacs, then JCreator, then switched to Eclipse c2002 and used it through 2016. I’ve tried IntelliJ a few times over the years but never really got the hang of it or saw a lot of value in it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    However, Google does quite a bit of Java work, and their primary and only fully supported IDE for it is IntelliJ. I’ve also been using CLion (basically IntelliJ for C++) and it’s been OK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The “Ultimate” edition of IntelliJ includes support for other languages and even React so that’s a strong argument in favor of trying it out. I’m not opposed to ultimately landing on using different tools to work in different languages (e.g. I often used Eclipse for Java and Sublime for JS), but if you can do it all in one, that’s nice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    My Eclipse muscle memory is very strong, so I expect this to be somewhat painful transition, but I will give it as fair a shot as I can manage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Java Build<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: Gradle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: Free<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Exploring<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reasoning<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    There are only two real choices here: Maven and Gradle. And given that Gradle uses Maven-style repositories, they aren’t even that <\/em>different in many respects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Maven<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

    I’ve used Maven for many years, since Ant, and like most people had some struggles with it initially. I eventually learned to coexist with it, or at least avoid its sharp edges, and would just copy\/paste my pom from one project to next and had minimal issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gradle<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

    Gradle has three main “advantages” over Maven that people seem to crow about. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    One is that it’s written in Groovy, and you can therefore script your build and do advanced stuff more easily than writing a Maven plugin. I would put this in the Probably a Bad Idea category, like stored procedures. I bet there are some cases where this is useful, but probably far more where it’s a kludgy workaround to some other problem people don’t want to solve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The second is that it’s written in Groovy, which is not XML. I always thought XML was nice when used properly, and that config files were one of those proper uses. However, something about it causes a primal aversion in many people and they convince themselves that things that are not XML are inherently better than things that are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The third is that you can do different build versions more easily, and this one I get, especially in the context of things like Android apps. Given that I might be targetting different JVMs (regular and GraalVM) this might be useful, but probably won’t be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    So I’m not really impressed with Gradle either, but given that there are literally only two choices, I might as well know both. It’s pretty trivial for a small project to switch back or even run both, so this is a pretty low-risk experiment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Source Control<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: Git + Monorepo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: Free (plus hosting)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Up and Running<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reasoning<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    I think there are only 3 real options these days for version control that don’t fall into the “never heard of it” category for most people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Git<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    The dominant force, and the only one that many developers know these days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mercurial (hg)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    I have grown to prefer Mercurial in a code-review + monorepo environment since starting to use it at Facebook. Implicit branches and easy commit management map very well to the “commits should do one thing” best practices as opposed to the pull request pattern where mainline commits should favor comprehensiveness. For a solo project this isn’t relevant and it’s basically the same thing as Git.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Subversion (svn)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    For solo\/small teams, SVN is totally fine, it’s basically how you’d be using a DVCS anyways, but if you don’t have a server running already then it’s probably not worth setting one up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mono vs. Multi Repo<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    For large organizations, monorepo is the clear way to go for reasons I can discuss elsewhere. For solo\/small teams, it doesn’t really matter, and it *might* be better to split up your repos if you have a *very* clear separation (e.g. front\/back end), which is how we did it at Mondogoal, but I would say to start with a monorepo and only split if there is a compelling reason to do so (e.g. regulations, licensing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    I’m going to call this a toss-up between Git and Mercurial and give Git the edge due to the fact that it’s massively more popular and more likely to integrate well with other things like IDEs and deployment tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Source Control Host<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Winner: Google Cloud Source Repositories<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cost: Free to 5 users & 50GB storage\/egress, then $1\/user\/month and $0.10\/GB\/month<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Status: Exploring<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reasoning<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Given that I’ve chosen Git, GitHub is the obvious first choice here, but since Google has a product we’ll invoke requirement #2. This also might integrate better with the other services I’ll be using, though I have barely researched that beyond the marketing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    One of the nice things with Git is that it’s trivial to multi-host, so if I ever find a compelling reason to also use GitHub, I can use both or just switch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Next Up<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    There’s a lot left to do here, databases, frontend, and more. Stay tuned!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    So the side project I mentioned a few posts ago is still just an idea, before I start building it I will need to pick a stack. I’ve been out of the non-big-tech loop for a while (one of the main drivers for this project) so this may take a while, but should be a… <\/p>\n

    Continue reading Stack2020: Backend Basics<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,88,167,3,1],"tags":[323,358,398,127,402,401,399,376,361,397],"series":[],"class_list":["post-853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-java","category-programming","category-servers","category-software","category-uncategorized","tag-domains","tag-eclipse","tag-email","tag-git","tag-google-cloud","tag-gradle","tag-intellij","tag-java","tag-maven","tag-stack2020"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/network-2402637.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1AkJt-dL","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=853"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":869,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853\/revisions\/869"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=853"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efsavage.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}